Urticaria flare: an unusual factor limiting glycaemic control

UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998;352:854-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07037-8

Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P. Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycaemia: perception of neurogenic rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. Diabetes 1993;42:1791-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diab.42.12.1791

Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death. J Clin Invest 2007;117:868-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI31669

Sacerdote A. Urticaria as a sign of hypoglycaemia (Letter). Diabetes Care 1987;10:257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.10.2.257a

Antidiabetic drugs. British National Formulary 59 2010; 6.1.1:403-414.

Shadid S, Jensen MD. Angioneurotic edema as a side effect of pioglitazone. Diabetes Care 2002;25:405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.2.405

Almeyda J, Baker H. Drug reactions. X. Adverse cutaneous reactions to hypoglycaemic agents. Br J Dermatol 1970;82:634-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06111.x

Antidiabetic drugs. British National Formulary 59 2010; 6.1.2: 414-417.

Sacerdote AS. A reply (Letter). Diabetes Care 1988;11:440-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.11.5.440b

Webster E, Papanicolau DA, Boucher W, et al. The mast cell as a target of peripheral “immune” corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and mediator of its pro-inflammatory properties: clinical implications (Abstract). The Endocrine Society, 77th Annual Meeting, Program and Abstracts, 1995; p. 280

Theoharides TC, Singh LK, Boucher W, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces skin mast cell degranulation and increased vascular permeability, a possible explanation for its proinflammatory effects. Endocrinology 1998;139:403-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.139.1.403