Necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare: Part 2- Granuloma annulare
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15277/bjdvd.2015.044Abstract
Granuloma annulare is a benign, self-limiting condition that occurs in 4% of patients with diabetes. It is usually asymptomatic; various clinical subtypes have been described, including localised, generalised, subcutaneous and perforating. The aetiology and pathogenesis is unknown, although several theories have been proposed. Numerous therapeutic strategies are documented in the literature, however, while treatment may be requested for cosmetically disfiguring or pruritic lesions, an explanation of the condition is often all that is necessary.References
Jelinek JE. Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:605-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb02915.x
Sonthalia S, Arora R, Sarkar R, Khopkar U. F1000Res 2014;3:32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.3-32.v1
Hu SW, Kaplan J, Patel RR, Kamino H. Trauma-related papular granuloma annular. Dermatol Online J 2013;19(:20719.
Burns DA. Necrobiotic Disorders. In: Burns DA, Breathnach SM, Cox NH, Griffiths CEM (eds). Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology, 8th edition, 2010, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 60.1-60.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444317633.ch60
Studer EM, Calza AM, Saurat JH. Precipitating factors and associated diseases in 84 patients with granuloma annulare: a retrospective study. Dermatology 1996;193:364-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000246297
Thornsberry LA, English JC 3rd. Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol 2013;14:279-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-013-0029-5
Singh SK, Manchanda K, Bhayana AA, Verma A. Allopurinol induced granuloma annulare in a patient of lepromatous leprosy. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2013;4:152-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.110915
Güneş P, Göktay F, Mansur AT, Köker F, Erfan G. Collagen-elastic tissue changes and vascular involvement in granuloma annulare: a review of 35 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2009;36:838-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01169.x
Muhlemann MF, Williams DR. Localized granuloma annulare is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol 1984;111:325-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04730.x
Pătraşcu V, Giurcă C, Ciurea RN, Georgescu CV. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013;54:327-31.
Muhlbauer JE. Granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:217-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(80)80181-2
Nebesio CL, Lewis C, Chuang TY. Lack of an association between granuloma annulare and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:122-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0007-0963.2001.04527.x
Souza FH, Ribeiro CF, Pereira MA, Mesquita L, Fabrício L. Simultaneous occurrence of ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare in a patient: case report. An Bras Dermatol 2011;86:1007-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962011000500023
Rupley KA, Riahi RR, O’Boyle Hooper D. Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica with sequential occurrence in a patient: report and review of literature. Dermatol Pract Concept 2015;5:3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5826/dpc.0501a03
Hawryluk EB, Izikson L, English JC 3rd. Non-infectious granulomatous diseases of the skin and their associated systemic diseases: an evidence-based update to important clinical questions. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010; 11:171-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11530080-000000000-00000
Wu W, Robinson-Bostom L, Kokkotou E, Jung HY, Kroumpouzos G. Dyslipidemia in granuloma annulare: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:1131-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2012.1381
Wells RS, Smith MA. The natural history of granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol 1963;75:199-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13549.x
Ahmed I, Goldstein B. Diabetes mellitus. Clin Dermatol 2006;24:237-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.04.009
Cyr PR. Diagnosis and management of granuloma annulare. Am Fam Physician 2006;74:1729-34.
Sabuncuoğlu H, Oge K, Söylemezoğlu F, Sağlam A. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare of the scalp in childhood: a case report and review of the literature. Turk Neurosurg 2007;17:19-22.
Grieco T, Cantisani C, Faina P, et al. Tacrolimus 0.1% and granuloma annulare: description of three cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009;12:1445-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03217.x
Levin NA, Patterson JW, Yao LL, Wilson BB. Resolution of patch-type granuloma annulare lesions after biopsy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:426-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.118344
Wollina U. Granuloma annulare disseminatum responding to fumaric acid esters. Dermatol Online J 2008;14:12.
Schmutz JL. PUVA therapy of granuloma annulare. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25:451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00685.x
Watanabe S, Tanaka M, Kobayashi K, et al. Remission of generalized erythematous granuloma annulare after improvement of hyperlipidemia and review of the Japanese literature. Dermatol Pract Concept 2014;4:97-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5826/dpc.0401a17
Published
Issue
Section
License
Publish & Transfer of Copyright Agreement
For the mutual benefit and protection of the Author and the Journal Owner/Publisher it is necessary that the Author provides formal written Consent to Publish and Transfer of Copyright before publication of the Work.
