This house believes that sulphonylureas should not be used routinely as second-line treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes

Monami M, Genovese S, Mannucci E. Cardiovascular safety of sulfonylureas: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:938-53. http:dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12116

Giorgino F, Leonardini A, Laviola L. Cardiovascular disease and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: now that the dust is settling from large clinical trials. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1281:36-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas. 12044

Del Prato S, Pulizzi N. The place of sulfonylureas in the therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2006;55(5 Suppl 1):S20-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2006.02.003

Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2012;55:1577-96. http://dx/doi/org/10.1007/s00125-012-2534-0

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes: the management of type 2 diabetes. Guideline CG87. Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg87 (accessed June 2015).

Debate held at a meeting of the Midlands Endocrine and Diabetes Club, Friday 8th May 2015.

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401

UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylurea or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07019-6

UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998;352:854-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07037-8

Mearns ES, Sobieraj DM, White CM, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drug regimens added to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0125879. http://dx.doi.org/0.1371/journal.pone.0125879

Thong KY, Gupta PS, Cull ML, et al. GLP-1 Receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes – NICE guidelines versus clinical practice. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2014;14:52-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15277/bjdvd.2014.015

Monami M, Marchionni N, Mannucci E. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:909-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-09-0101

Rajendran R, Hodgkinson D, Rayman G. Patients with diabetes requiring emergency department care for hypoglycaemia: characteristics and long-term outcomes determined from multiple data sources. Postgrad Med J 2015;91:65-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132926

Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:1279-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67528-9

Ryder REJ, Defronzo RA. Rehabilitation of pioglitazone. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2015; 15:46-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15277/bjdvd. 2015.021

Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1504720

Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, et al. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2427-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa066224

Gallwitz B, Guzman J, Dotta F, et al. Exenatide twice daily versus glimepiride for prevention of glycaemic deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes with metformin failure (EUREXA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;379:2270-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60479-6.

Del Prato S, Nauck M, Durán-Garcia S, et al. Long-term glycaemic response and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus a sulphonylurea as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: 4-year data. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015;17:581-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12459

Schernthaner G, Currie CJ, Schernthaner GH. Do we still need pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes? A risk-benefit critique in 2013. Diabetes Care 2013;36 (Suppl 2):S155-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dcS13-2031

Ault A. FDA panel backs new safety warnings on two diabetes drugs. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape. com/viewarticle/843179 (accessed July 2015).

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Drug Safety Update. SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin): risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. Available at https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/sglt2-inhibitors-canagliflozin-dapagliflozin- empagliflozin-risk-of-diabetic-keto-acidosis (accessed July 2015).

Turner RC, Holman RR. Metformin and risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiology 1999; 91: 203-04. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000006910

Valensi P. Sulphonylureas and cardiovascular risk: facts and controversies. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2006;6:159-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14746514060060040301

Stevens RJ, Coleman RL, Adler AI, Stratton IM, Matthews DR, Holman RR. Risk factors for myocardial infarction case fatality and stroke case fatality in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 66. Diabetes Care 2004;27:201-07. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.1.201

UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Correspondence. Lancet 1998;352:1932-4.

Holman RR. Post trial monitoring results of the UKPDS sulfonylurea plus metformin substudy. Presentation at the 49th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Barcelona, Spain, 23–27 September 2013. Available at http://www.easdvirtualmeeting.org/resources/post-trial-monitoring-results-of-the-ukpds-sulfonylurea-plus-metformin-substudy (accessed July 2015).

Matthews DR, Cull CA, Stratton IM, Holman RR, Turner RC. UKPDS 26: Sulphonylurea failure in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients over six years. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Diabet Med 1998;15:297-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199804)15:4<297::AID-DIA572>3.3. CO;2-N

Wright AD, Cull CA, Macleod KM, Holman RR. Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients randomized to and maintained on monotherapy with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin for 6 years from diagnosis: UKPDS73. J Diabetes Complications 2006;20:395-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005. 08.010

Nauck M, Frid A, Hermansen K, et al. Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study. Diabetes Care 2009;32:84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1355